Saturday, February 14, 2009

Learn idiom(成语学习)

1、

bàn tú ér fèi

(半 途 而 废)

战 国时期,魏国有个叫乐羊子的人。有一天,乐羊子在路上看到一块金子,他就捡起金子,带回了家并把它拿给妻子看。可他妻子一点儿也不高兴。这个贤惠的女人对 他说:“我听人说‘壮士不饮盗泉之水;廉洁的人不食嗟来之食’。把别人遗失的贵重之物捡起来据为己有,你怎么看待这种行为呢?”
乐羊子听了妻子的话,觉得很惭愧,就把那块金子又扔到原来的地方。
第二年,乐羊子离开家到了一个很远的地方,去拜师求学。
一年后,乐羊子突然回到家中,他的妻子很惊讶地问:“你怎么回来了?你才和那些学者学了一年呀。”乐羊子说:“我太想你了,所以回来看看。”
他的妻子听了以后,二话不说,拿起把剪刀走到她的织布机前。她指着那块已经完成了一半的锦缎说:“这块锦缎用的是最好的丝。我一丝丝的累积来织成这锦 缎。如果我现在把它剪断,就等于前功尽弃。你求学也是这样。如果现在停止,和剪断织布机上的锦缎有什么区别?”
乐羊子被妻子的话所感动,于是立刻离开家,继续拜师求学。
几年后,乐羊子终于完成学业,成为一个博学的人。


Give up halfway

During the Warring States Period (475-221BC), there was a man called Yue Yangzi in State Yue. One day he saw a piece of gold on the road and picked it up. He took it home and gave it to his wife. But his wife was not happy. The virtuous woman said, "I hear that a man of morality doesn't drink a thief's water and a man of probity refuses to accept alms. What do you think of the action of picking up another's lost valuable and possessing it for one's own?"
Yue Yangzi, feeling ashamed, sent the gold back to where he found it.
The next year, Yue Yangzi felt that he should go out and visit scholars to enrich his knowledge. So he set off.
A year later, he came back home suddenly.
"Why have you returned?" asked his wife in surprise, "You've only spent one year studying with scholars."
"I come back because I missed you very much."
Without saying anything, his wife took a pair of scissors and went to the loom at which she had worked. Pointing at the half done brocade, she proclaimed : "This brocade is woven from the finest silk. I wove one strand after another to produce the brocade.Now if I cut it, all my previous work will be wasted. It's the same with your studies. You can acquire knowledge only through diligence. Now, you've stopped halfway. Isn't it the same as cutting the brocade on the loom?"
Yue Yangzi was moved by what she said. He again left home to visit scholars. Several years later he became a learned man.


2、

àn yú chōng shù
滥 竽 充 数


zhàn guó shí ,qí xuān wáng xǐ huān tīng yú ,tōng cháng shì sān bǎi rén de dà hé zòu .
战 国 时, 齐 宣 王 喜 欢 听 竽, 通 常 是 三 百 人 的 大 合 奏.

yīn wéi tā gěi yǔ yuè shī fēi cháng yōu hòu de dài yù ,suǒ yǐ yī gè jiào nán guō de rén jìn guǎn bìng bú shàn zhǎng chuī yú ,yě shè fǎ hún jìn yuè duì .
因 为 他 给 予 乐 师 非 常 优 厚 的 待 遇, 所 以一 个 叫 南 郭 的 人 尽 管 并 不 擅 长 吹 竽, 也 设 法 混 进 乐 队.

dāng yuè duì yǎn zòu shí ,tā jiù zhàn zài duì wǔ lǐ jiǎ zhuāng yě zài chuī .
当 乐 队 演 奏 时,他 就 站 在 队 伍 里 假 装 也 在 吹.

méi yǒu rén zhù yì dào qí shí tā lián yī diǎn shēng yīn yě méi chuī chū lái ,suǒ yǐ nán guō yě xiǎng shòu dào hé qí tā yuè shī yī yàng de dài yù .
没 有 人 注 意 到 其 实 他 连 一 点 声 音 也 没 吹 出 来, 所 以 南 郭 也 享 受 到 和 其 他 乐 师 一 样 的 待 遇.

xuān wáng sǐ hòu ,tā de ér zǐ jì chéng le wáng wèi .
宣 王 死 后, 他 的 儿 子 继 承 了 王 位.

tā yě xǐ huān tīng yú ,kě shì tā xǐ huān tīng dú zòu ,ràng yuè shī yī gè gè chuī gěi tā tīng ,yú shì nán guō bú dé bú táo pǎo le .
他也 喜 欢 听 竽, 可 是 他 喜 欢 听 独 奏, 让 乐 师 一 个 个 吹 给 他 听 , 于 是 南 郭 不 得 不 逃 跑 了.

"làn yú chōng shù "zhè gè chéng yǔ yòng lái cháo xiào nà xiē méi yǒu zhēn zhèng cái gàn ,hún zài háng jiā lǐ de rén .
"滥 竽 充 数 " 这 个 成 语 用 来 嘲 笑 那 些 没 有 真 正 才 干 , 混 在 行 家 里 的 人.

yǒu shí yě yòng "làn yú chōng shù "lái biǎo shì zì qiān .
有 时 也 用 " 滥 竽 充 数 " 来 表 示 自 谦.



Be there just to make up the number

During the Warring States Period (475-221BC), the King of the State of Qi was very fond of listening to yu ensembles. He often got together 300 yu players to form a grand music. The king treated his musician very well. A man named Nanguo heard about that and he managed to become a member of the band, even though he wan not good at playing the instrument at all. Whenever the band played for the king, Nanguo just stood in the line and pretended to play. Nobody realized he was making no sound at all. As a result, he enjoyed his treatment just as the other musician did. When the king died, his son became the new ruler who also liked the music played on the yu. However, he preferred solos so that he ordered the musicians to play the yu one by one. Therefore, Nanguo had to run out of the palace.
The idiom "Be there just to make up the number" is used to mock someone who passes for a specialist. You can also hear people saying it about themselves to show their modesty.


3、

wáng yáng bǔ láo

(亡 羊 补 牢)

战国时,楚襄王是个昏庸的国君。秦国时时觊觎楚国土地,妄图占为己有。楚襄王却不闻不问,成天吃喝玩乐。

  大夫庄辛直言进谏,劝他多加提防。楚襄王非但不听,还训斥庄辛是“老糊涂”。庄辛无可奈何,只好离开到了赵国。

  不久秦国果然发兵强占了楚国许多城镇。这时,楚襄王才省悟庄辛当初的话是对的。他立刻把庄辛请回国。他虚心请教庄辛:“现在这种局面怎么办?”庄辛道:“亡羊补牢,未为晚也!”

  亡:丢失。牢:关牲囗的圈。“亡羊补牢”比喻出了差错,设法补救,免得再受损失。

zhàn guó shí ,chǔ xiāng wáng shì gè hūn yōng de guó jun1 。qín guó shí shí jì yú chǔ guó tǔ dì ,wàng tú zhàn wéi jǐ yǒu 。chǔ xiāng wáng què bú wén bú wèn ,chéng tiān chī hē wán lè 。

  dà fū zhuāng xīn zhí yán jìn jiàn ,quàn tā duō jiā tí fáng 。chǔ xiāng wáng fēi dàn bú tīng ,hái xùn chì zhuāng xīn shì “lǎo hú tú ”。zhuāng xīn wú kě nài hé ,zhī hǎo lí kāi dào le zhào guó 。

  bú jiǔ qín guó guǒ rán fā bīng qiáng zhàn le chǔ guó xǔ duō chéng zhèn 。zhè shí ,chǔ xiāng wáng cái shěng wù zhuāng xīn dāng chū de huà shì duì de 。tā lì kè bǎ zhuāng xīn qǐng huí guó 。tā xū xīn qǐng jiāo zhuāng xīn :“xiàn zài zhè zhǒng jú miàn zěn me bàn ?”zhuāng xīn dào :“wáng yáng bǔ láo ,wèi wéi wǎn yě !”

  wáng :diū shī 。láo :guān shēng wéi de quān 。“wáng yáng bǔ láo ”bǐ yù chū le chà cuò ,shè fǎ bǔ jiù ,miǎn dé zài shòu sǔn shī 。

4、

wǔ shí bù xiào bǎi bù

(五 十 步 笑 百 步)

战国时代,诸侯王国都采取合纵连横之计,远交近攻。

  战争连年不断,可苦了各国的老百姓。孟子看了,决定周游列国,去劝说那些好战的君主。孟子来到梁国,去见了好战的梁惠王。梁惠王对孟子说:“我费尽心力治国,又爱护百姓,却不见百姓增多,这是什么原因呢?”

  孟子回答说:“让我拿打仗作个比喻吧!双方军队在战场上相遇,免不了要进行一场厮杀。厮杀结果,打败的一方免不了会弃盔丢甲,飞奔逃命。假如一个兵士跑得慢,只跑了五十步,却去嘲笑跑了一百步的兵士是‘贪生怕死’。”

  孟子讲完故事,问梁惠王:“这对不对?”梁惠王立即说:“当然不对!”孟子说:“你虽然爱百姓,可你喜欢打仗,百姓就要遭殃。这与五十步同样道理。”

  成语比喻那些以小败嘲笑大败的人。又以“五十步笑百步”来比喻程度不同,但本质相同的做法。


zhàn guó shí dài ,zhū hóu wáng guó dōu cǎi qǔ hé zòng lián héng zhī jì ,yuǎn jiāo jìn gōng 。

  zhàn zhēng lián nián bú duàn ,kě kǔ le gè guó de lǎo bǎi xìng 。mèng zǐ kàn le ,jué dìng zhōu yóu liè guó ,qù quàn shuō nà xiē hǎo zhàn de jun1 zhǔ 。mèng zǐ lái dào liáng guó ,qù jiàn le hǎo zhàn de liáng huì wáng 。liáng huì wáng duì mèng zǐ shuō :“wǒ fèi jìn xīn lì zhì guó ,yòu ài hù bǎi xìng ,què bú jiàn bǎi xìng zēng duō ,zhè shì shí me yuán yīn ne ?”

  mèng zǐ huí dá shuō :“ràng wǒ ná dǎ zhàng zuò gè bǐ yù ba !shuāng fāng jun1 duì zài zhàn chǎng shàng xiàng yù ,miǎn bú le yào jìn háng yī chǎng sī shā 。sī shā jié guǒ ,dǎ bài de yī fāng miǎn bú le huì qì kuī diū jiǎ ,fēi bēn táo mìng 。jiǎ rú yī gè bīng shì pǎo dé màn ,zhī pǎo le wǔ shí bù ,què qù cháo xiào pǎo le yī bǎi bù de bīng shì shì ‘tān shēng pà sǐ ’。”

  mèng zǐ jiǎng wán gù shì ,wèn liáng huì wáng :“zhè duì bú duì ?”liáng huì wáng lì jí shuō :“dāng rán bú duì !”mèng zǐ shuō :“nǐ suī rán ài bǎi xìng ,kě nǐ xǐ huān dǎ zhàng ,bǎi xìng jiù yào zāo yāng 。zhè yǔ wǔ shí bù tóng yàng dào lǐ 。”

  chéng yǔ bǐ yù nà xiē yǐ xiǎo bài cháo xiào dà bài de rén 。yòu yǐ “wǔ shí bù xiào bǎi bù ”lái bǐ yù chéng dù bú tóng ,dàn běn zhì xiàng tóng de zuò fǎ 。

5、

yī míng jīng rén

一 鸣 惊 人

战国时期,齐威王继承王位已有三年了,可是他整天饮酒作乐,不理朝政。

  大臣淳于髡想了个激励齐威王的办法。他说:“大王,臣听说齐国有一只大鸟,三年来不飞也不叫……”他故意停顿一下,试探地问:“大王知道这是一只什么 鸟?”齐威王知道淳于髡在暗喻自己,不由得大笑起来。笑过一阵后,他才说:“此鸟不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人!”

  从那以后,齐威王就到各地去视察。看到称职的大夫,就给予奖励;对一个破坏生产的河地大夫,扔进油锅处死。接着,他又严格整顿军队,打败了入侵的魏国军队。

  齐威王“一鸣惊人”,使各国君主都感到震惊。

  成语“一鸣惊人”比喻平时默默无闻,突然干出一番惊人的事来。


zhàn guó shí qī ,qí wēi wáng jì chéng wáng wèi yǐ yǒu sān nián le ,kě shì tā zhěng tiān yǐn jiǔ zuò lè ,bú lǐ cháo zhèng 。

  dà chén chún yú kūn xiǎng le gè jī lì qí wēi wáng de bàn fǎ 。tā shuō :“dà wáng ,chén tīng shuō qí guó yǒu yī zhī dà niǎo ,sān nián lái bú fēi yě bú jiào ……”tā gù yì tíng dùn yī xià ,shì tàn dì wèn :“dà wáng zhī dào zhè shì yī zhī shí me niǎo ?”qí wēi wáng zhī dào chún yú kūn zài àn yù zì jǐ ,bú yóu dé dà xiào qǐ lái 。xiào guò yī zhèn hòu ,tā cái shuō :“cǐ niǎo bú fēi zé yǐ ,yī fēi chōng tiān ;bú míng zé yǐ ,yī míng jīng rén !”

  cóng nà yǐ hòu ,qí wēi wáng jiù dào gè dì qù shì chá 。kàn dào chēng zhí de dà fū ,jiù gěi yǔ jiǎng lì ;duì yī gè pò huài shēng chǎn de hé dì dà fū ,rēng jìn yóu guō chù sǐ 。jiē zhe ,tā yòu yán gé zhěng dùn jun1 duì ,dǎ bài le rù qīn de wèi guó jun1 duì 。

  qí wēi wáng “yī míng jīng rén ”,shǐ gè guó jun1 zhǔ dōu gǎn dào zhèn jīng 。

  chéng yǔ “yī míng jīng rén ”bǐ yù píng shí mò mò wú wén ,tū rán gàn chū yī fān jīng rén de shì lái 。

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